Layer-2 (L2) networks are increasingly consolidating around dominant tech stacks rather than striving for universal standards, as highlighted by recent research from Blockscout. Ulyana Skladchikova and Kirill Fedoseev from Blockscout noted that networks are forming clusters around major players, specifically the OP Stack, which has become a key tool in the L2 space. Although transaction volumes on L2 networks surged, native bridging between Layer 1 and Layer 2 has seen a dramatic decline. This indicates a growing challenge in ensuring interoperability as major L2 players develop proprietary solutions that may create user friction. With Ethereum's Pectra upgrade on the horizon, L2s seem to be honing in on specific capabilities rather than aiming for general-purpose scaling solutions, potentially leading to a more homogeneous approach to interoperability.

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