ColliderVM, developed by StarkWare, aims to enhance Bitcoin's capabilities by enabling stateful computation across transactions, overcoming the limitations of its stateless native scripting environment. Traditionally, Bitcoin transactions are validated independently, restricting complexity to simple logic. ColliderVM proposes a method which negates the need for potential future soft forks by allowing complex computations to be validated directly on Bitcoin, using hash-collision-based puzzles to transmit data. This innovation marks a significant efficiency improvement over predecessors like ColliderScript. ColliderVM contrasts with BitVM2 by avoiding fraud proofs and not requiring operators to pay for withdrawals while waiting for fraud windows to close. This work builds on earlier concepts and aims to simplify bridge logic, although its current feasibility may be limited. An alternative approach, PIPES, is viewed as simpler but more theoretical, relying on a federated proof-of-stake model. Both ColliderVM and PIPES highlight a growing user demand for features resembling covenants, illustrating the community's readiness for innovation without waiting for protocol upgrades.

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