Industry executives, including Anurag Arjun of Avail and Polygon, are concerned that current chain abstraction techniques are exacerbating fragmentation within the crypto ecosystem. Each blockchain possesses distinct security models and validators, complicating interoperability across chains. Bridging these networks often involves costly and risky multi-step processes that isolate users and capital into fragmented pools. The historical emphasis on liquidity-driven interoperability has reportedly heightened these challenges, leading to significant cybersecurity threats, as evidenced by high-profile hacks. A notable example includes the $321 million hack of the Ronin Network in February 2022. In response, chain abstraction aims to simplify user experiences by masking complex blockchain details, allowing seamless interaction through unified interfaces. NEAR's chain abstraction is highlighted as a promising development that enhances usability by enabling transactions across various blockchains via a single wallet interface, fostering a more integrated approach within the blockchain landscape.

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